51 The lung is particularly at risk from oxidative damage as it is exposed to oxygen, oxygen radicals produced by alveolar macrophages, inhaled environmental and blood-borne toxins, including cigarette smoke and atmo-spheric pollutants
But the thigh is the best option for people who experience significant nausea, prefer clear visibility of the injection, or have limited subcutaneous fat in the abdominal area
Deficiency can occur in certain populations, including older adults, vegans, individuals with pernicious anaemia, those with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease, people who have had bariatric surgery or gastrectomy, and those on long-term medication such as metformin or acid-suppressing drugs
To keep his gut health strong, Joe takes Orthobiotic probiotic, Akkermansia , and a galacto-oligosaccharides prebiotic daily
& Krebs, E